Motors & Gear Motors

The output rotation direction of a gear motor depends on the internal gear train design. For certain ratios, the reducer output rotates in the same direction as the motor shaft; for others, the direction becomes reversed. When replacing or selecting a reducer with a new gear ratio, always check the rotation direction chart to avoid installation errors or unexpected motion in the application.

Miniature AC induction motors come with two types of shafts: round shafts and gear shafts. Only gear shafts can be assembled with gear reducers. Compatibility is confirmed when the motor model, gearbox model, outer dimensions, and gear shaft specifications match exactly. If assembly feels tight, gently rotate the reducer while fitting—never force the motor and gearbox together, as this may scratch gears or introduce metal debris, leading to noise and premature wear.

The speed of an AC induction motor is determined by the number of poles and the supply frequency. With fixed poles and frequency, the motor speed cannot be significantly changed. Voltage adjustments can slightly affect torque and speed, but the usable range is small. If voltage drops too low, torque becomes insufficient, causing overheating or stalling. To change motor speed, you should add a gear reducer or choose a variable-speed motor.

A capacitor has two major functions: (1) to shift the phase and create a rotating magnetic field, and (2) to generate the starting torque required for the motor to run in the intended direction. Without a capacitor, a single-phase motor may fail to start, start very slowly, or overheat. Using a capacitor that is too large can cause excessive heating and vibration, while an undersized capacitor will result in insufficient starting torque.